Only 3% live a dream retirement
27 de May de 2022
Why are Latino migrants delaying their retirement due to inflation?
10 de June de 2022
Hace años atrás se venía diciendo que las posibilidades de una Jubilación Financieramente Independiente en las familias latinas, estaba en estado de emergencia.
Ahora bien, esta situación lejos de mejorarse con la pandemia más bien se ha agravo aún más, por los siguientes motivos:
- Los negocios de Latinos o Hispanos en los Estados Unidos fue uno de los grupos más afectados puesto que se dedican a trabajar en la industria del entretenimiento en general, siendo este uno de los sectores que más le ha costado recuperarse.
- Fue uno de los grupos étnicos que contaban con menos ahorros y muchos tuvieron que hacer uso de ellos y endeudarse con las tarjetas de crédito, pagando actualmente una de las tasas de interés más altas de la historia.
Para hacer esta situación aún más compleja, en los Estados Unidos se está viviendo la inflación más alta de los últimos 40 años.
Y por supuesto que los principales factores que hacen subir los indicadores de precios son:
- Gastos de vivienda
- Gasolina
- Alimentos y electricidad.
Un informe realizado por Bank Of America, muestra que las familias de color y Latinas dedican gran parte de su ingreso a estos rubros.
Entonces, muchos podrían decir que la única solución es ir preparando a tu familia para que te ayude financieramente en el retiro.
Con ello se crea un círculo de destrucción financiera, puesto que tus hijos no pueden ahorrar porque te tienen que ayudar y al llegar a su jubilación se repite el círculo nuevamente.
Pero por supuesto que existe una solución y vamos a darte algunas sugerencias para salir de esta situación y darles a tus hijos el mejor regalo que un padre les puede dar: no ser una carga financiera para ellos.
1.- Latinos, tienes que ahorrar para invertir.
Los gastos suben y el dinero no está alcanzando para cubrirlos, la única forma de salir de esta situación es buscando nuevas fuentes de ingreso siendo esto lo que tú sí puedes controlar puesto que la inflación es un factor externo a ti.
Ahora, apenas comiences a generar mayor ingreso debes separar al menos el equivalente a un mes de tu gasto mensual y dejarlo en una cuenta bancaria.
Tan pronto tengas este pequeño colchón financiero debes aplicar todo tu esfuerzo en pagar las deudas de las tarjetas de crédito.
Recordando que la Reserva Federal (Banco Central de USA) ha dicho que van a seguir subiendo las tasas de interés y el monto que pagas por intereses en la tarjeta también subirá.
Luego de alcanzar esta meta, sigue haciendo crecer tu fondo de emergencia hasta tener una protección por si en el futuro viniera una recesión y te quedes sin trabajo.
Sabemos que el dinero en la cuenta bancaria diariamente va perdiendo su poder adquisitivo por ello, cuando ya tengas el fondo de emergencia que necesitas debes pasar a un segundo nivel que es: comenzar a invertir el nuevo ahorro que vayas generando.
Muchas personas se preguntan: ¿En qué debo invertir? y si bien esta respuesta tiene muchos matices, y siempre debe ser consultada con un especialista financiero.
La historia nos muestra que en el tiempo las acciones son uno de los instrumentos de inversión que le han logrado ganar a la inflación.
Recuerde de igual forma que no son momentos para correr altos riesgos, por lo que la diversificación siempre va a ser un aliado.
Para ello los fondos de índices o los llamados Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) le dan una alta diversificación con bajos costos.
Tenga siempre presente que el dinero que invierta en el mercado de valores o Wall Street es para el mediano o largo plazo, no para el corto plazo.
2.-Pues si vas a tener que trabajar por más años.
En las inversiones no hay nada más poderoso para hacer crecer tu dinero en el tiempo que la combinación de rendimiento y tiempo, en la medida tu inversión puede crecer más sin tener que tocarla.
Recordemos la frase de Charlie Munger, billonario americano y socio de Warren Buffett, dice: “La primera regla de la capitalización es nunca interrumpirla innecesariamente”.
El tiempo nos muestra que los inversionistas más exitosos son aquellos que cuando los mercados bajan, no caen en pánico y sacan su dinero porque los mercados cayeron.
Sino que más bien aplican la metodología del comerciante déjame invertir o comprar más porque está más barato que ayer y luego lo dejan crecer en el tiempo.
Porque para ellos es que: tienen un fondo de emergencia y saben que ese dinero no era para el corto plazo.
Los momentos de bajas en los mercados deben ser vistos más bien como oportunidades para potencializar tus inversiones.
Ahora bien, en lugar de preocuparte por las bajas de los mercados, lo que si debes tomar en cuenta es que una de las principales causas por las cuales las personas se tienen que retirar de su trabajo antes, para lo cual un reciente estudio realizado por el Employee Benefit Research Institute’s nos muestra que:
Por cada 10 personas 3 deben jubilarse antes de tiempo por problemas de salud o discapacidad si a esta cifra le sumamos la cantidad de personas que se tienen que jubilarse porque la compañía donde trabajan hizo una reducción de personal llegaríamos entonces a más del 50%.
Por lo tanto, debes apoyarte en el crecimiento que han tenido las oportunidades de trabajo desde casa.
Lo cual en muchos casos te va a permitir seguir trabajando a pesar de tener alguna discapacidad y ampliar tu campo de experticia hacia otras áreas que capaz se salgan del trabajo que has hecho toda tu vida, pero te permitan seguir generando para así retrasar en el tiempo el momento en que vas a tener que comenzar a retirar dinero de tu portafolio de inversión.
3.- Latinos cómo es retrasar tu fecha de jubilación ante el Social Security.
Este es uno de los principales errores que cometen los Latinos en Estados Unidos; luego de cotizar por más de 10 años, ganas el derecho de recibir el beneficio de un pago mensual en tu jubilación.
Pero también nos dicen que pudieras comenzar a recibir estos beneficios al cumplir los 62 años o esperar a tu edad de jubilación completa que según el Social Security se ubica aproximadamente a los 67 años, y muchas personas dicen:
Yo como que más bien aplico a este beneficio lo antes posible porque lo necesitan para cubrir sus gastos.
Según el mismo estudio del Employee Benefit Research Institute’s el 94% de los retirados señala que su fuente principal de ingresos viene del Seguro Social, entonces mientras puedas optimizarlo tu retiro se verá mucho más favorecido.
Y una de las formas de optimizarlo es no comenzar a los 62 años sino también darle tiempo y procurar empezar luego a los 67 años, de esta forma el monto mensual que recibirás pudiera ser casi un 25% más que el que te darían si comienzas a los 62 años.
La gran conclusión es que por supuesto que no son medidas fáciles pero si comienzas desde ya estamos seguros que podrás lograrlo y si sientes que necesitas ayuda sabemos que muchas personas recurren a sus familiares o amigos para pedir consejos sobre estos temas pero como dicen por allí zapatero a su zapato y es allí donde un Planificador Financiero Certificado (CFP®) te podrá apoyar.
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